OnDecember30,2020,theleadersofChinaandtheEUjointlyannouncedthecompletionoftheEU-ChinaComprehensiveAgreementonInvestment,whichisaframeworkagreementdesignedtoreplacetheexistingbilateralinvestmenttreatiesbetweenChinaandEUmemberstatesandbuildunityChina-EUbilateralinvestmentsystem.

　　Thisnegotiationhasgonethrough35roundsofnegotiationsandlastedformorethan7years.Thenegotiationwasoncestalledandacceleratedinthepastoneandahalfyears.Thenegotiationwasfinallycompletedattheendof2020,whichisalsoaftertheRegionalComprehensiveEconomicPartnershipAgreement(RCEP).,Chinahascompletedanothermajoropening-upmeasure,whichisanothersignificantvictoryofmultilateralisminthecourseofyearsofanti-globalization.

　　So,willthecompletionofthe"China-EUInvestmentAgreement"negotiationshaveanimpactonthestainlesssteelindustry?

　　1.IftheChina-EUInvestmentAgreementisreached,willtheEUstillhavetariffbarrierstoChina?

　　Inrecentyears,duetotheEU'scontinuedanti-dumpingofstainlesssteelexportsfrommainlandChina,theEUcurrentlyimposesataxrateofmorethan20%onstainlesssteelfrommainlandChina.Then,iftheChina-EUInvestmentAgreementisreached,willtheEUstillhavetariffbarriersagainstChina?

　　ThefirstthingtobeclearisthattheChina-EUInvestmentAgreementdoesnotinvolvetariffissues.Secondly,itisassumedthatthe"China-EuropeInvestmentAgreement"hascertainbenefitsforstainlesssteelexports,mainlyrelatedtostainlesssteelproducts,suchashouseholdappliances.However,afterthepreliminarynegotiationsarecompleted,theagreementneedstobefurthertransformedintolegalprovisions,whichcanonlycomeintoforceafterapprovalbytheEuropeanParliament.Theprocessisexpectedtostartinthesecondhalfof2021.

　　2.FromtheperspectiveofEuropeanopenareas,whatimpactdoesthe"China-EUInvestmentAgreement"haveonChinesestainlesssteelcompaniesgoingglobal?

　　Accordingtorelevantinformation,theChina-EUInvestmentAgreementwilllockintheexistingChineseinvestmentmarketaccessrightsinEurope,whileensuringtheopeningofsensitiveareassuchasenergy,agriculture,fishery,audio-visual,andpublicservicesinEurope.Inaddition,accordingtothe"GeneralAgreementonTradeinServices"(GATS),theEUwillopenuptheserviceindustrytoalargeextent.

　　FromChina'sstandpoint,theEuropeanopenfieldprovidesChineseinvestorswithgreateropportunitiestoentertheEUenergywholesaleandretailmarket,renewableenergymarketandotherfields,andpromotethedevelopmentofChina'snewenergy,automobileandotherrelatedindustries.ForChineseinvestors,theagreementalsomeansthattherearemorepotentialinvestmentopportunitiesintheEU,includingChina'scompetitiveconstructionindustry,telecommunicationsindustry,etc.,whichmaystimulatedomesticdemandforstainlesssteel.

　　However,fromtheperspectiveofstainlesssteelcompanies,thepossibilityofdomesticstainlesssteelplantsgoingoutandestablishingplantsintheEUisslim.DuetotherelativelylargeaccumulationofscrapsteelinEurope,Chinesestainlesssteelmillsmayenjoysomeadvantagesinthecostofstainlesssteelsmeltingwhentheygooutandinvestinconstruction.However,allstainlesssteelmillsinEuropecurrentlyuseelectricfurnacesforproduction.IfyougotoEuropetobuildaplant,theoverallcostistoohigh.Secondly,fromademandperspective,Europeanstainlesssteelproductionhasbeendecliningyearbyyear.Inaddition,duetotheimpactofthenewcrownepidemic,theEuropeaneconomyhasfallenintoadownturn,andthedemandsidehasremainedweak.Therefore,thepossibilityofdomesticstainlesssteelplantsgoingtoEuropetobuildfactoriesgenerallydoesnotexist.

　　3.FromtheperspectiveofChina'sopenfields,whatimpactdoesthe"China-EUInvestmentAgreement"haveondomesticstainlesssteelcompanies?

　　Duringthenegotiations,theareasthatChinapromisedtofurtheropenincludemanufacturing,automobiles,financialservices,healthcare,communications/cloudservices,computerservices,internationalshipping,airtransportation,businessservices,environmentalservices,etc.Atpresent,abouthalfofEU'sdirectinvestmentinChinaisconcentratedinthemanufacturingsector,suchastransportationandtelecommunicationsequipment,chemicals,healthequipment,andsoon.Intheautomotivesector,Chinaagreedtograduallycanceltherequirementsforjointventuresandpromisedmarketaccessfornewenergyvehicles.Inaddition,Chinaagreedtoabolishjointventurerequirementsforcertainindustriesinthefinancialservicesandhealthcaresectors.

　　FromthestandpointoftheEuropeanUnion,theEuropeanUnionhasnewopportunitiesinChina’sautomotive,consumerproducts,biomedicine,financialservices,andmedicalandhealthsectors,butmorelikelyitistheoutputinthetechnicalfield,whichhasabasicimpactontheproductionofthestainlesssteelindustry.No.

　　Insummary,ingeneral,the"China-EuropeInvestmentAgreement"doesnothaveanypositiveimpactonstainlesssteelandstainlesssteelcompaniesthemselves,butitmaybepositivefortheexportofstainlesssteelproducts.

　　中歐投(tou)資協定，對(duì)不鏽鋼行(hang)業影響幾(jǐ)何

　　2025年12月14日(rì)，中歐領導(dǎo)人共同宣(xuan)布完成中(zhong)歐全面投(tou)資協議✔️(EU-ChinaComprehensiveAgreementonInvestment），這(zhe)是一個框(kuang)架協議，旨(zhǐ)在取代中(zhong)國和歐盟(meng)成員國現(xian)有的雙邊(bian)投資條約(yuē)，構建統一(yī)的中歐雙(shuāng)邊投資制(zhi)度。

　　這一談(tán)判經曆了(le)35輪磋商，前(qián)後持續超(chāo)過7年，談判(pan)曾一☁️度停(tíng)滞，近一年(nian)半内有所(suo)加快，終于(yú)在2020年年底(di)完成談判(pàn)，這😄也是繼(ji)區📧域全面(miàn)經濟夥伴(ban)關系協定(dìng)（RCEP）之後，中國(guó)完成的另(ling)一個重大(dà)對外開放(fang)舉措，也是(shì)在多年的(de)逆全球化(hua)進程中，多(duo)邊主義取(qǔ)得的又一(yī)次♋意義重(zhòng)大的勝利(li)。

　　那麼，“中歐(ōu)投資協定(dìng)”談判的完(wan)成，對不鏽(xiù)鋼行業會(hui)有影🐅響嗎(ma)？

　　一、如果“中(zhōng)歐投資協(xie)定”達成，歐(ōu)盟對中國(guo)還會有關(guan)稅壁壘麼(me)？

　　近年來，由(you)于歐盟對(duì)中國大陸(lù)的不鏽鋼(gang)出口持續(xu)的反傾銷(xiāo)🏃🏻，目🤞前歐盟(méng)對中國大(da)陸不鏽鋼(gang)的征收稅(shui)率高🙇‍♀️達20%以(yi)🍉上，那🔴麼，如(ru)果“中歐投(tou)資協定”達(dá)成，歐盟對(duì)🧑🏽‍🤝‍🧑🏻中國還會(huì)有關稅壁(bi)壘麼？

　　首先(xiān)需要明确(que)的是，“中歐(ōu)投資協定(dìng)”并不涉及(ji)關稅問🌈題(ti)。其次♌，假設(shè)“中歐投資(zi)協定”對不(bu)鏽鋼出口(kou)有一定利(lì)好，主要系(xì)不鏽🌈鋼的(de)相關制成(cheng)品，比如家(jiā)電等等。但(dàn)初💰步談判(pàn)完成，協議(yì)需進⛷️一步(bù)轉化成法(fǎ)律條文，并(bìng)經過🏃🏻‍♂️歐洲(zhou)議會批準(zhǔn)後才可生(shēng)效。該🛀過程(cheng)預計将在(zài)2021年下半年(nian)才可開始(shǐ)。

　　二、從歐洲(zhou)開放領域(yù)來看，“中歐(ōu)投資協定(dìng)”對中國不(bu)鏽鋼企業(ye)走出去有(you)何影響？

　　從(cóng)相關資料(liào)顯示來看(kan)，中歐投資(zī)協定将鎖(suǒ)定現有的(de)中國對歐(ōu)投資市場(chang)準入權，同(tóng)時确保開(kāi)放歐洲能(néng)源、農業、漁(yu)業、視聽、公(gong)共服務等(děng)敏感領域(yù)。此外，根據(ju)《服務貿易(yi)總協定》（GATS），歐(ou)盟将在很(hen)大程度上(shàng)開放服務(wu)行業。

　　站在(zài)中國立場(chang)，歐洲開放(fàng)領域，為中(zhong)國投資者(zhe)提供了更(gèng)大的進入(rù)歐盟能源(yuan)批發零售(shòu)市場、可再(zài)生能⭕源市(shì)場等✂️領域(yù)🔴的機會，帶(dài)✉️動中國新(xin)能源、汽車(che)等相關産(chan)業的出口(kǒu)貿易發✏️展(zhǎn)。對于中國(guó)投資者，該(gai)協議達成(chéng)還意味着(zhe)在歐盟有(you)更多潛在(zài)的投資機(ji)會，包括中(zhong)國有競争(zheng)優勢的建(jian)築産業、電(dian)信産業等(děng)等，屆🔱時或(huo)許會拉動(dong)國内不鏽(xiu)鋼需🙇‍♀️求。

　　但(dan)是從不鏽(xiu)鋼企業角(jiǎo)度而言，國(guo)内不鏽鋼(gang)廠走出去(qu)在🌍歐盟建(jiàn)廠的可能(néng)性微乎其(qi)微。由于歐(ou)洲的廢鋼(gāng)積累量比(bǐ)較大，中國(guo)不鏽鋼鋼(gāng)廠走出去(qu)投資建設(shè)，在不鏽鋼(gāng)冶煉成本(běn)上可能會(huì)享有一些(xiē)優勢。但是(shi)目前歐洲(zhōu)的不鏽鋼(gang)鋼廠全🔴部(bu)使用電爐(lu)生産，若去(qu)歐洲建廠(chǎng)，整體成本(ben)過于高昂(ang)。其次，從需(xu)求角度🈲來(lai)講，歐洲本(ben)土不鏽鋼(gang)生産逐年(nian)下降，加之(zhī)由于新♌冠(guan)疫情的影(yǐng)響，歐洲經(jīng)濟陷入低(dī)迷，需求端(duān)維持弱勢(shì)💜。因此，國内(nèi)不鏽鋼👣廠(chǎng)去歐洲建(jiàn)設工廠的(de)可能性，總(zong)體而言不(bu)存在。

　　三、從(cóng)中國開放(fàng)領域來看(kàn)，“中歐投資(zi)協定”對國(guó)内的不鏽(xiù)鋼企業有(you)何影響？

　　在(zai)談判中，中(zhōng)國答應進(jìn)一步開放(fàng)的領域包(bao)括制造業(ye)、汽車、金融(róng)服務業、醫(yi)療健康、通(tong)訊/雲服務(wù)、計算機服(fú)務、國際海(hai)運、航空運(yùn)輸、商業服(fu)務、環境服(fú)務等。目前(qian)，大約一半(bàn)的歐盟對(duì)華直接投(tóu)資集中在(zai)制造業領(ling)域，如運輸(shū)和電信設(she)備、化學品(pin)、健康設備(bei)等等。而汽(qi)車領域方(fang)面，中國同(tóng)意逐步取(qǔ)消合資企(qi)業要求，承(chéng)諾新能源(yuán)汽車的市(shì)場準入。此(ci)外，中國同(tong)意取消金(jīn)融服務業(yè)及醫療健(jian)康領域中(zhōng)部分行業(ye)的合資要(yao)求。

　　站在歐(ou)盟的立場(chǎng)，歐盟在中(zhōng)國的汽車(chē)、消費品、生(sheng)物醫藥、金(jin)融服務和(hé)醫療衛生(sheng)等衆多領(ling)域出現了(le)新的機遇(yù)，但更多的(de)可能是技(jì)術領域内(nèi)的輸出，對(dui)不鏽鋼行(háng)業生産的(de)影響基本(ben)沒有。

　　綜上(shang)所述，總體(tǐ)而言，“中歐(ou)投資協定(dìng)”對不鏽鋼(gang)及不鏽鋼(gang)企業本身(shēn)并沒有什(shí)麼利好的(de)影響，但對(dui)不鏽鋼制(zhì)成品的出(chū)口可✂️能會(hui)是利好。